Fibrosis

Fibrosis refers to the formation of excess scar tissue in an organ, typically as a consequence of an injury or inflammation. The scar tissue is described as "fibrous" because it is composed of small strands of strong connective tissue resembling fibers (1).

The two primary conditions that are labeled as a "fibrosis" are cystic fibrosis and pulmonary fibrosis. Cystic fibrosis is a degenerative, genetic condition in which individuals experience thickening of mucous as a primary symptom (2). Pulmonary fibrosis refers to scarring throughout the lungs, and though the exact cause is unknown, it is associated with cigarette smoking, lung infections, exposure to radiation therapy, rheumatoid arthritis, and other conditions. It can also be caused by exposure to environmental agents such as asbestos, in which case the scarring of the lung tissue is referred to as asbestosis. This condition can occur alongside other asbestos-related conditions, such as malignant mesothelioma (3).

In pulmonary fibrosis, the scar tissue that forms in the lung cause the tissue to become thick and lose its ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream, which can cause a myriad of complications, including pulmonary hypertension (high blood pressure in the arteries that supply the lungs). Symptoms of pulmonary fibrosis can include shortness of breath, chronic hacking cough, fatigue and weakness, chest discomfort, loss of appetite and weight loss (3). The condition may be diagnosed through a combination of x-rays, CAT scans, bronchoscopy, and lung biopsy. Because scarring is permanent, pulmonary fibrosis is an irreversible condition. Certain treatments may reduce inflammation and decrease future scarring, and supplemental oxygen may improve quality of life, but the only therapeutic option available is lung transplantation (5).

'Fibrosis' Sources:
  1. "Fibrosis." (2001) Stedman's Concise Medical Dictionary for the Health Professions, 4th ed.
  2. "Cystic Fibrosis." (2001). Stedman's Concise Medical Dictionary for the Health Professions, 4th ed.
  3. "What is Pulmonary Fibrosis?" From the Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation's website. Available: http://www.pulmonaryfibrosis.org/ipf.htm (Accessed July 30, 2007).
  4. Varkey, Basil, M.D. (July 8, 2006) "Asbestosis." From EMedicine.com. Available: http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic171.htm (Accessed July 30, 2007).
  5. "Pulmonary Fibrosis." From MedicineNet.com. Available: http://www.medicinenet.com/pulmonary_fibrosis/article.htm (Accessed July 30, 2007).

 

 

 

 

 
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