Asbestosis

The inhalation of asbestos fibers can potentially lead to the development of several distinct respiratory diseases. The majority of patients with asbestos-related lung disease have a significant exposure history, however, minimal and unknown exposures have been known to produce disease (1). Although strictly regulated, past asbestos exposure is an important component in the risk assessment process. Important considerations include the specific occupation, duration of that occupation, and intensity of exposure to asbestos.

Asbestosis is a chronic, fibrotic lung disease caused by long-term, heavy exposure to asbestos. It is primarily characterized by a gradual onset of shortness of breath on exertion that worsens as the disease progresses. Severe cases can potentially progress to respiratory failure and death. Asbestosis usually becomes evident only after a protracted latency period of 20 to 30 years. Moreover, the earliest appearance of the disease is typically seen in the lower lung fields, which are also the sites of the most advanced cases (2). Although all types of asbestos fibers can cause lung fibrosis, the amphiboles class are particularly damaging to pleural tissue.

The manufacturing and processing of asbestos and related products are currently the most significant risk factors for the development of asbestosis. Examples of occupations that provide varying degrees of asbestos exposure include: insulation workers, boilermakers, electricians, plumbers, welders, automobile mechanics, and janitors (3). Workers in these occupations that smoke are at increased risk of developing asbestosis due to the paralyzing effect of tobacco on the lung's ability to clear asbestos fibers.

Lawsuits began to be brought against the asbestos industry in 1929. A surge of lawsuits was especially evident once links were made between asbestos exposure, asbestosis, and an ongoing failure of manufacturers to establish safety measures (4). Liability from asbestos litigation has reached billions of dollars. There is currently no cure for asbestosis. As such, supportive treatments such as oxygen therapy and respiratory physiotherapy are necessary for the relief of symptoms.

'Asbestosis' Sources:
  1. O'Reilly, K.A., et al. "Asbestos-related lung disease". Am. Fam. Physician, 75; 683-8, 690, 2007.
  2. Guidotti, T.L., et al. "Diagnosis and initial management of nonmalignant diseases related to asbestos". Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 170; 691-715, 2004.
  3. Varkey, B. and Varkey, A.B. "Asbestosis". Emedicine, July 8, 2005.
  4. Castleman, B.I. Asbestos: Medical and Legal Aspects, Fifth Edition. Aspen Publishers, 2005.




 

 

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